The perceptions of the afterlife in Jesus' time where very different and variable than they are now.
Paradise, in that scripture, does not refer to earthly paradise but to a region in the underworld (Hades/Sheol) were the spirits of the righteous dwelled in opposition to Gehenna (Lake of Fire) where the evil dwelled. It was believed to be a foretaste of heaven and hell throughout eternity. Both groups awaited the resurrection when they will receive a body and then go to either heaven or hell.
There was a confusing tangle of ideas and words to describe it since every culture and person had variations of Sheol - Hades/Heaven in their mindset. Below is an example. Note that Christ is in Paradise during his death (See the lines between the crosses and where they lead to.).